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1949 FILMS IN TELEVISION 371
EQUIPMENT CONSIDERATIONS, 16-MM VERSUS 35-MM
The majority of television-film recordings are made on 16-mm rather than 35-mm film. The major reason is economic, since the cost of 35-mm film is somewhat more than three times the cost of 16mm per unit of recording time. The current quality of television images, which undoubtedly will undergo gradual refinement, is considered to be roughly equivalent to 16-mm home motion pictures. No marked improvement, however, is to be had by recording on 35-mm rather than 16-mm film at the present time. With the use of fine-grain, high-resolution, 16-mm-film emulsions, no loss of resolution in recording the television image is noticeable.
Fire regulations covering the use of 35-mm film, which apply regardless of whether the 35-mm film is acetate safety base or the combustible nitrate base, are rigorous. The cost of providing space that meets these regulations for the use of 35-mm film is extremely high and the changes needed in existing space are difficult to accomplish. Sixteen-millimeter films are available only in acetate safety base which is classified by the Underwriters' Laboratories as having a safety factor slightly higher than that of newsprint. The use of 16-mm films, therefore, is not restricted by fire regulations. It should be noted that in New York City these restrictions apply to space in which equipment capable of operating with 35-mm film is installed, so in order to forestall trouble, all equipment should be single-purpose, 16-mm equipment rather than dual-purpose, 35-mm or 16-mm equipment.
Another factor in the choice of 16-mm film is the high cost of 35-mm projection equipment. Most television stations are providing projection facilities for 16-mm film only for this reason. In order to service these stations with syndicated programs photographed from the picture tube, 16-mm prints will be needed.
SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS
Film Emulsion — There are three general classifications of film emulsions in terms of their spectral characteristics and they can be matched to the phosphor spectral characteristic of the television-picture tube, for greatest actinic efficiency.
1. Panchromatic emulsions are most sensitive in the range from the ultraviolet (4000 angstrom units) through the red (7000 angstrom