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376 FILMS IN TELEVISION April
scanning, 25-frame-per-second, television standards. This used a multiple-spiral Nipkow disk with continuously moving film, with no frame-rate conversion problem (the film being taken at 25 instead of 24 frames per second). It was in a later form replaced by a dissector tube.
An extensive photographic investigation was made for the quick processing. A special thin emulsion was used. In the later model the processing times were
Development 5.0 seconds
Intermediate bath 2.5 seconds
Fixing 15.0 seconds
Washing 10.0 seconds
Drying 43.0 seconds
The negative film was scanned directly after drying.
In one unusually elaborate form of the apparatus the film, after using, was again washed, scraped free of emulsion, dried, coated with fresh emulsion, dried, and used again.
The whole equipment was set up in a special television truck, a series of which was built.
The intermediate-film projector was designed for the earlier 180sequential-line scanning at 25 frames per second. It used split film, 17.5 mm wide, with an 8 X 11-mm image. This was a positive, taken from a negative image on a 12-kilovolt cathode-ray tube. The camera used intermittent film motion synchronized with the television. The processing times were
Development 24 seconds
Fixing 24 seconds
Washing 12 seconds
Drying (not stated)
The projection was on to a 2.2 X 3-meter screen. Because of the high film cost and the rapid advances in projection tubes the German intermediate-film projector was abandoned.
A film scanner attributed to Jensen (1941) was used by the Bell System for testing the prewar television transmission circuits over coaxial cable. This used standard size but specially printed 35-mm film. The film was drawn continuously past a gate and focused on the photosensitive cathode of an image-dissector pickup tube. Extensive study was made of the focusing and deflecting coils in the latter, to obtain improved results. The special printing of the film was used to