Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers (1930-1949)

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BATES AND RUNYAN July tests are outlined briefly in Fig. 1. For simple solutions such as short stop and hardener, simple pH tests suffice. For developer solutions and actual machine controls, both photographic and analytical tests are necessary. A chemical standard is used as the basis for all tests. A supply of high-purity chemicals should be maintained as the processing standards and type solutions should be prepared from these chemicals with accurate mixing. A. ^H Tests pH is controlled with Coleman or Beckman Laboratory Model pH instruments using glass-calomel electrode systems. Other instru Fig. 1 ments of equal sensitivity would suffice. All pH readings including those of developers given in the paper are based on the use of a normal glass electrode. It is recognized that the use of an electrode introduces sodium ion errors due to the high salt concentration of the solution, but in practice, since the salt concentration remains constant, consistent and useful readings are obtained and no attempt is made to correct the data. If a special electrode designed for high salt concentrations at a high pH (10 to 11) is used, the developer pH readings will range about 0.10 higher than indicated in this paper. It is to be emphasized that except for short stop and hardener solutions which are fully controlled by pH, the pll values are used merely as a guide.