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1949 C-R-TuBE APPLICATIONS 69
shutter and the flashing of the lamp unsynchronized and synchronized. These are made with a shutter that shows considerable rebouncing which, as mentioned previously, would not be indicated on an integrating type of shutter opening meter. The markers here are 25 microseconds apart instead of 1 millisecond.
GLOSS MEASUREMENT
One of the basic problems in optics is the proper description of the visual or optical character of a surface, the gloss of the surface. For this reason, in many industries so-called "standards" of various degrees of gloss or surface finish are maintained. This problem is of importance in photography in connection with the proper specification of the surfaces on photographic papers. The so-called "feel"
Fig. 2 — Dual-beam recording of opening, plus electronic flashlight output. The time marking is given by a 40-kilocycle oscillator.
of the surface, being a subjective matter, is of extreme importance in the final effect that a photograph produces upon the viewer. However, no good method for specifying these surfaces, which assures uniform quality and reproducibility, yet exists. For this reason, in every photographic supply store, there will be found so-called standard samples of these various surfaces which serve as no specification whatsoever.
The only satisfactory way, to date, of specifying the gloss of a surface is by drawing its complete reflectance curve as a function of the angle of view of the surface under certain standardized lighting conditions. This graph preferably should be plotted as a family of curves in order to express the effect throughout a solid angle. For