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Engineering Techniques
in Motion Pictures and Television5
BY ALFRED N. GOLDSMITH
CONSULTING ENGINEER, NEW YORK 17, NEW YORK
IN THE FOLLOWING BRIEF SUMMARY it is feasible only to outline problems and processes, and primarily to stimulate discussion. Actually the subject matter of this short commentary would require, for adequate treatment, a number of large and impressive volumes.
Properly handled, the television broadcasting of a film presentation should be identical (so far as the audience is concerned) with a livetalent program. There are some incidental technical and economic advantages inherent in the use of film. These include ease of repetition of the program, the possibility of ready cutting and editing, the certainty of program quality, the predictability of the program, and the like.
Adequate film presentations in television imply, however, that the film picture and sound shall exceed in general quality the capabilities of the television system. In other words, the bottleneck in performance should reside in the television transmission and reception, not in the film recording. Accordingly the film images must have resolution and gradation range superior to that of the television system. The sound recording similarly must excel in fidelity and in low noise level.
Available data indicate that 35-mm film, used for pictorial purposes, would be more than adequate. Sixteen-millimeter pictures, made as reductions from original 35-mm negatives, are largely satisfactory. More nearly marginal are 16-mm positives made from 16mm negatives, particularly if these negatives are derived directly from a television system by kinescope or picture-tube recording.
So far as sound reproduction is concerned, 35-mm records running at 90 feet per minute are satisfactory. Sound reproduction from 16mm film, under existing circumstances, fluctuates about an adequacy level.
* Presented April 4, 1949, at the SMPE Convention in New York.
AUGUST, 1949 JOURNAL OF THE SMPE VOLUME 53 109