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35-Mm and 16-Mm Sound-on-Film Reproducing Characteristic*
BY JOHN K. MILLIARD
ALTEC LANSING CORPORATION, HOLLYWOOD 38, CALIFORNIA
Summary — This paper reviews the activities and procedures used in the formation of the present 35-mm Motion Picture Research Council theater sound-equipment recommendations. Using this experience as a reference point, a 16-mm sound electrical characteristic is recommended. It is specified that in both 35-mm and 16-mm fields these recommendations apply only to a specific type of loudspeaker and individual response curves must be recommended depending on the type of loudspeaker used.
DURING THE SMPE Semiannual Convention in Washington, D. C., in October, 1948, an informal discussion and demonstration was held to compile information that could be used in arriving at standards for 16-mm sound-on-film reproduction. Again at the Spring Convention in New York in April, 1949, a symposium Avas held to continue the discussion and to have demonstrations on a variety of prints and reproducing equipment.
The wide interest in standardizing 16-mm sound equipment would indicate the desirability of reviewing the activities which led up to the adoption of the 35-mm standard reproducing characteristic which has been very effective during the past twelve years.
There are many factors in the recording of sound for motion pictures which cause large variations in quality on the original recording. Some of these points will be briefly mentioned :
(1) The acoustic conditions in the various stages and out-of-doors vary over wide limits as regards absorption and reverberation.
(2) Restrictions are imposed by set designers, lighting effects, and camera angles which require compromise as compared to having the optimum microphone placement in all cases. Some sets have
* Originally presented October 27, 1948, at the SMPE Convention in Washington; revised later following the 65th Semiannual Convention in New York, April, 1949.
OCTOBER, 1949 JOURNAL OF THE SMPE VOLUME 53 389