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1949 HIGH-SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY 447
the meter an exposure scale for both Super XX film and Kodachrome film, Type A.
The high-speed cameras can be very satisfactorily used out of doors. Kodachromes have been obtained in New Mexico during the brightlight period of the day (10 A.M. to 2 P.M.) in the summertime at 1000 pictures per second at //2. Furthermore black-and-white pictures have been successfully taken at speeds up to 4000 per second under reasonably brilliant lighting conditions out of doors. With special processing techniques, pictures have been taken under water in normal daylight at depths up to 10 feet at 4000 pictures per second (it is suggested that the subject be painted a light color for making such studies and that a reflective bottom, such as white sand, be present). Silhouette pictures can be taken at speeds up to 14,000 per second in daylight.
In taking a picture of incandescent subjects it is often necessary to use neutral-density filters to cut down the light produced by the incandescent subject. A neutral density of 1.0 for example has a transmission of 10 per cent light, neutral-density filter of 2.0, 1 per cent, a neutral density of 3, Vio of 1 per cent, and so forth. In taking pictures of photoflash lamps burning it is necessary to use a neutral density of 3.0 to 4.0. Trial and error are about the best means of determining the exposures to be used for incandescent subjects.
It has been found that the reciprocity loss on Kodachrome is considerably greater than on Super XX film and, therefore, the exposure factor between the two changes considerably. Instead of being 12 to 1 as it is in normal daylight, the figure becomes from 32 to 64 times. There is a peculiar effect, however, that has not been explained and that is when a picture is taken on Kodachrome with a Fastax camera there is no noticeable difference between the beginning of the film and the end of the film on projection. In exposure it is noticeable if the two ends are placed one along side of the other.
There are a number of films which can be used with high-speed cameras. For the 16-mm high-speed cameras, Kodak Super X, Super XX, and Kodachrome, Type A, reversal films are available as well as Kodak Super XX Negative, Linagraph Ortho, Linagraph Pan, and Super XX and Super X Blue Base Reversal Films. For the 8-mm Fastax, only Kodak Super XX, Super X, and Kodachrome, Type A, reversal films are available. For the 35-mm Fastax camera, Linagraph Ortho, Linagraph Pan, and Kodak Super XX negative films are available. These are all Eastman Kodak Company