Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers (1930-1949)

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542 SHAFER November It has been found advisable to keep a smaller than 5 degrees; i.e., the / ratio of the system should be greater than //6. An //6 system of 250 centimeters focal length will result in an axial separation of tangential and sagital image of 1.73 centimeters. For an//10 system of the same focal length, the separation will be 0.625 centimeter. CONCLUSIONS The general conclusions of the preceding discussion on the effects of the aperture of the system, focal length of the optics, size of the light source, and position of the knife edge are presented in tabular form below. Fig. 16 — General types of schlieren systems using mirrors for collimator and objective, a — skewed or Z, b — Newtonian. 1. Aperture (a) A large aperture gives a high aperture-to-disturbance-size ratio with consequent high contrast and density. (b) A large aperture gives a small Airy disk which will mean a small light source to approach optimum size. This effect will be amply compensated by item (a) above. (c) A large aperture necessitates a large offset of source and knifeedge in Z-type schlieren systems giving large astigmatic distances.