Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers (1930-1949)

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552 BERKLEY AND MANSBERG November which may be gained by the use of photography is the integration obtainable by means of the photographic process. It is frequently desirable to be able to average a phenomenon which is varying widely about some mean value. By giving a series of multiple underexposures resulting in a properly exposed average (Fig. 4), one obtains a clearer picture than would otherwise result. For example, Fig. 4 shows in polar co-ordinates the thread tension on a loom which varies widely from cycle to cycle or from thread to thread of the Fig. 4 — Photograph of widely varying phenomenon. weave. By underexposing for about 100 cycles, we obtain the average picture shown in Fig. 5. So much for the advantages to be gained from cathode-ray-tube photography. In addition, improvements in cathode-ray tubes and oscillographs from the standpoint of brightness, resolution, stability, and accuracy, have enabled these instruments to supplant, and, in most cases, to surpass the direct writing or recording mirror and string oscillographs, when photography is used. Because of them, the use of photography has become mandatory for most cathode-ray