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Television Studio Lighting*
BY A. H. BROLLY
TELEVISION ASSOCIATES, MICHIGAN CITY, INDIANA
Summary — Intensity, color, and directivity are important factors in the proper design of television studio-lighting facilities. Good color response can be attained with image-orthicon tubes using a combination of fluorescent and incandescent lights, together with simple filters on the camera lens. The characteristics of these lamps and filters are presented along with means of estimating power requirements for various sizes of studios.
IT is PERHAPS NATURAL that the novelty of television should divert attention from some of those older arts that are essential to its own progress. A case in point is illumination in the television studio. While the artistic and scientific principles of illumination required for television are known, their application in the television studio has not advanced in step with television equipment.
Many of the principles developed for motion picture photography and the stage apply also to television. But their application must be tempered by the knowledge that the characteristics of an electron fcube are interposed between the illuminated subject and the viewer. Because of this fact brightness, color, concentration, and direction of the light assume greater importance and a given light source should be rated in terms of its effectiveness in conjunction with the television camera tube. A light that appears visually bright may be less efficient in terms of transmittable signal than another of different color characteristics. This characteristic of the television camera tube is the key to the solution of the main problems of television illumination.
There have been various types of television camera tubes used in past years, but because of its several advantages, the image-orthicon tube is coming to be used almost exclusively for all television pickups except motion pictures. The characteristics which make it so useful are sensitivity, good resolving power, and good signal-to-noise relationship with practical light intensities.
* Presented April 5, 1949, at the SMPE Convention in New York.
DECEMBER, 1949 JOURNAL OF THE SMPE VOLUME 53 611