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1949
SPRAY PROCESSING
669
capacity, it was found necessary to avoid sharp bends in the piping, particularly where the manifolds divided.
Types of Jets
It is unfortunate that the term "spray" has come into common usage in connection with this mode of developing, because it is apt to convey the wrong impression. A spray of developer, consisting of a mist of droplets, would not be effective in scrubbing the surface of the emulsion free from used developer. For this purpose a highvelocity jet of developer is required and "jet developing" would be a more apt term.
In some commercial sprayprocessing machines, a splayed, flat jet is used to throw a blade of liquid. In others a coned jet is used. However, in order to maintain a high jet velocity without having recourse to a large pump, a round, 1.0-mmdiameter jet hole was adopted.
A row of 1.0-mm holes 1.0 centimeter apart was drilled along each of the single-sided spray tubes (on B and D), and two horizontally opposed rows of holes were drilled into each of the six central spray tubes (Fig. 3). When the spray tubes and the film-transport bobbins had been located in the spray cabinet, a number of the holes were resealed, leaving open only those from which the jet of developer impinged on the film.
Circulatory System
The rate of circulation, on the one occasion that it was measured, was 43.5 liters per minute (570 gallons per hour). This figure agreed well with the capacity claimed for the pump by its makers. The output from each spray was balanced by placing holed corks in the tubes feeding those spray tubes that were too well supplied in the first instance. The sizes of the holes in the cork diaphragms were found by trial and error.
Fig. 2 — Circulation system of pilot equipment.