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1949
SPRAY PROCESSING
671
III. OTHER SYSTEMS
Four other systems for holding and circulating the developer were examined in comparison with the spray cabinet used with a minimum quantity of developer. For convenience in referring to each, the system already described will be referred to as the S-R Spray (smallreservoir) system to distinguish it from the first of the following.
L-R Spray (Large-Reservoir) — In some commercial spray-processing machines, the spray cabinet is used in conjunction with a bulk of developer about as large as that which would be required for a total immersion machine of the same processing capacity. By using the large bulk of solution, the ease of handling and mixing a small quantity of solution (advantage (e) in the list above), is lost, but the developer is less susceptible to a rapid change in composition, and would thus be expected to show less tendency toward short-term deviations. For this reason, some of the experiments, revealed as more significant by runs on the S-R Spray system, were repeated, using a large earthenware crock as the reservoir, holding a 130-liter batch of developer. In these experiments no provision was made for returning the air carried down the developer return pipe. The L-R Spray system is shown in Fig. 4A.
Immersion Systems
The various methods of agitating and circulating the developer in an immersion system can be divided into three groups, and the following three systems studied in this work are fairly representative.
Quiet-Circulation System — For want of a better term, the description "quiet circulation" is applied to those systems, comparatively rare in modern motion picture practice, in which bubbles of air are not trapped to any significant degree and carried belowr the surface into the bulk of the developer. Fig. 4B shows the arrange
Fig. 4 — Diagrams of the four alternative circulation systems. Only three of the nine jets are shown in D.