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1950 SOUND-TRACK REDUCTION PRINTING 47
Method A
A 35-mm cross modulation test negative was recorded at 80% amplitude. This test consisted of: (1) 400 cycles for reference level; (2) 4000 cycles for measuring high-frequency loss; and (3) 4000 cycles modulated in amplitude at a 400-cycle rate for cross modulation measurements.
Using Eastman fine grain sound recording film, Type 1372, the cross modulation test was exposed with a 3-mm 597 filter for a density of 2.70. This negative density value was determined from previous cross modulation tests for black-and-white printing. The negative was then developed in a high contrast variable-area negative developer at a gamma of 3.50. Previous tests had indicated that no advantages could be gained by varying the density of the original negative.
From the 35-mm negative a family of contact prints was exposed with unfiltered light onto Eastman fine grain release positive, Type 1302. The black-and-white prints were developed in a print type developer at a normal release print gamma of 2.50. Print densities ranging from 1.28 to 2.25 were obtained.
Figure 2 shows the cross modulation curve of the black-and-white prints that were used for making the Kodachrome duplicates. A normal release print at balance density (1.28), a balance density being the maximum cancellation point, and four other prints with increasing degrees of image spread as indicated by this cross modulation curve, were selected for making the Kodachrome prints. A lighter than balance density offered no advantages for Kodachrome printing.
A family of black-and-white prints developed in a variable-area high contrast negative developer indicated that extremely high blackand-white positive densities on the order of 3.5 would be required for Kodachrome printing. As these high densities were often difficult to obtain and control under existing commercial printing conditions, only a print type developer was used for the final tests.
Families of Kodachrome duplicates were then made by optical reduction printing from these 35-mm black-and-white prints. The Kodachrome film was processed at the Eastman Kodak Cine Processing Plant in Hollywood in the normal manner for sound duplicates.
The densities of the negatives, black-and-white positives, and Kodachrome prints were measured with the Western Electric RA1100B densitometer using the visual filter. The Kodachrome prints covered a clear-area density range from 0.55 to 0.90. The Kodachrome prints are designated by the clear-area density rather than the sound track density. Due to the characteristics of the duplicating film, we have