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466 JENNINGS, STANTON AND WEISS November
Negatives meeting these specifications may be derived from such existing or proposed methods as: stripping film, beam-splitting cameras, filter-wheel cameras, and separations from monopack color films.
To amplify these characteristics somewhat, the first means that each separation must record only the intended color aspects of a scene. The red negative, for example, must not respond to blue or green in addition to red, otherwise color degradation will result. Most directly exposed negatives meet this requirement quite well. Separations from color positives are often acceptable, but may be improved by masking.
Correct orientation for one-side printing requires the mirror-image reversal of at least one of the negatives obtained with beam-splitting cameras or stripping film. Since this can be done in optical printers of the type commonly used in the industry, this is usually no problem.
The requirements of good register, acceptable sharpness, and fine grain are common to all color work. The excellent resolving power of Type 275 emphasizes the need for good register and fine grain, because there is almost no diffusion of the image to cover up poor register or coarse grain in the negatives.
Figure 7 illustrates the contrast requirements for negatives to be used with Type 275. It shows a comparison between a black-andwhite fine-grain release positive and the gray-scale or "equivalent" density characteristic curve of the color film. A black-and-white print with full tonal range may encompass the densities 0.15 to 2.3, which correspond to a density range of 1.1 in the negative. In the case of color films, experience shows that the density range in the print is typically somewhat greater, perhaps 0.15 to 2.8. The density scale in the negative must be correspondingly somewhat higher, about 1.45, which is 1.3 times as great. Thus, while negatives for black-andwhite use typically have a 7 of 0.65 to 0.7, negatives for contact printing of Type 275 should be at 7 0.85 to 0.90. This factor 1.3 is almost exactly the gain in contrast of projection printing compared with contact printing. Thus, negatives of the same contrast as normally used in black-and-white practice may be printed optically on Type 275.
Inasmuch as the contrast of the new color film is subject to only relatively small adjustment via processing, the gamma of the negatives is the major variable by which the contrast of the final image may be controlled. If negative gamma is not appropriate to begin with, it will be necessary to alter it by duping.