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568 JERRY FAIRBANKS December
four days. Such programs as "The Ed Wynn Show," "Truth or Consequences," "This Is Your Life" and "The Alan Young Show" were filmed simultaneously with the Los Angeles telecast or radio taping of the programs. In each of these cases 30 min of film was photographed in 30 min. "Major studio" schedules for the same type of filming would be from 10 days to two weeks. The Triumphant Hour would have been in production several months.
Numerous technical problems were surmounted during 36 months of research and experimentation in perfecting this system. Among the' foremost of these was the invention of a marking device to synchronize picture and sound tracks. This was required because the new system called for cameras to be turned on and off numerous times during the filming of long sustained scenes. The only other alternative was to let all cameras run continuously from the start, necessitating a tremendous waste of negative film.
The problem was surmounted by the development of a device in each camera that leaves a synchronizing mark on the action film when the camera is up to speed, identifying the camera. Also, a similar device on the sound recorder exposes a line or lines on the sound film, identifying the cameras in operation throughout the scene. In this manner, the sound film becomes the key to the cutting and inserting of all scenes shot by the different cameras. The marking and synchronizing devices are entirely automatic and do not require cameramen to operate additional equipment.
The synchronizing devices are operated through the camera motor circuits and load-actuated time-delay relays. When the cameras are started, lights fog a small spot on each frame of the film passing through the cameras for a period of one second. One dot is marked on the negative for Camera 1, two dots for Camera 2, three for Camera 3, etc. At the end of the one-second period, the time-delay relays automatically switch off the action-film fogging lamps and instantly switch on the sound-film fogging lights. One line is marked on the sound film for Camera 1, two lines for Camera 2, etc. The film editor can tell which cameras were in operation during any one scene merely by glancing at the sound film.
The action film is marked by exterior fog lights that are reflected from the blimp glasses through the lenses. In 35-mm filming with Mitchell BNC cameras, the synchronizing fog lights are mounted in the interior of the cameras. Three lamps are mounted in the sound recorders in light-proof housings with small apertures adjacent to the film just under the main drive sprocket. The motion of the film over the apertures marks the fog lines which identify the cameras