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A German Magnetic Sound Recording System in Motion Pictures
By Martin Ulner
Contrary to corresponding developments in the United States and Great Britain our starting point was to employ the magnetic-sound technique in the studio until the final re-recording on sound negative film. We did not take the necessary equipment from the optical recording system, but developed new equipment for magnetic film; and we retained the 6.5-mm magnetic tape for original recordings because of its economy.
OF THE ADVANTAGES of the magnetic recording procedure, that of economy is the most important in Germany. The cost of sound recording material for magnetic film is 0.23 DM (Marks) per meter, compared with 1.10 DM for an optical sound print. In the interests of economy it was decided from the beginning to use 17.5-mm split magnetic film which has no disadvantages over the 35-mm magnetic film if the film drive mechanisms are properly constructed.
Since 1945 every German film studio has made all original sound records on 6.5-mm magnetic tape and has been re-recording the good takes (in most cases immediately at the end of the recording, or at the latest on the evening of the same day) on optical film. The customary German tape recorders (of the firms AEG and Opta) are so constant in their speeds that for normal takes synchronism is maintained up to
A contribution submitted on February 5, 1951, by Dr. ing. Martin Ulner, Filmstudio Tempelhof of the Universum-Film A.G. (formerly UFA), Berlin-Tempelhof (U.S. Sector of Berlin), Germany.
almost 60 m; the deviation for ten minutes' running time is at most four frames. Methods for synchronizing the 6.5-mm tape have indeed been developed in Germany, but have never been brought into use.
The method of working with perforated magnetic film was first introduced by the Tempelhof Film Studio in the Spring of 1950, so that now the optical sound film is employed only in rerecording on the final negative. Since then other studios have adopted the magnetic film recording method as used in the Tempelhof Studios. This procedure has proved quite successful.
All apparatus has been developed and built in the Tempelhof Studios. The development of the new equipment was not based on the optical sound recording apparatus already in use, but was developed to suit the method of working at this studio.
The Working Method
To guarantee maximum economy, all original records are re-recorded on 6.5mm tape which costs 12.00 DM compared with 70.00 DM for the magnetic
April 1951 Journal of the SMPTE Vol. 56
411