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X-ray Motion Picture Techniques Employed in Medical Diagnosis and Research
By S. A. WEINBERG, J. S. WATSON, Jr., and G. H. RAMSEY
With Appendix by W. E. SGHADE
X-ray motion picture techniques are reviewed with attention to relative exposure requirements and ability to record detail. Direct cineradiography on full-scale screen-films provides the best reproduction of detail but does not at present reach true motion picture speeds. Cinefluorography is the most flexible and least expensive of the traditional methods. Because of harmful effects of radiation cinefluorographic examinations of human subjects must generally be limited to a relatively few seconds. The length of examinations can be much prolonged with the help of screen image intensification. Unfortunately the x-ray motion pictures made by kinescope recording are not yet satisfactory from the point of view of detail.
-1 HERE ARE a number of ways of making x-ray motion pictures, each one of which has its special virtues and limitations :
1. Successive frames of film are exposed directly to the x-rays which have passed through the subject.
2. Instead of being exposed directly
Presented on May 2, 1951, at the Society's Convention at New York, by S. A. Weinberg, J. S. Watson, Jr., and G. H. Ramsey, Dept. of Radiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 260 Grittenden Blvd., Rochester 20, N.Y. This investigation was supported in part by a research grant from the National Heart Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service. The anpendix was contributed in June 1952 by W. E. Schade, Hawk-Eye Works, Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, N.Y.
to x-rays, each frame of double-coated film is compressed at the moment of exposure between a pair of fluorescent intensifying screens. Excited by x-rays, the screens emit violet and blue light, thus exposing the film.
3. A fluorescent screen is set up perpendicular to the x-ray beam as in fluoroscopy. The image formed on the near side of the screen is copied by a motion picture camera to a much reduced scale.
4. The screen image is picked up by a television camera, and a kinescope recording is made of the action. This method is still in the experimental stage.
Direct Cineradiography Without Intensifying Screens
Methods 1 and 2 are generally referred to as direct or full-scale cineradi
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October 1952 Journal of the SMPTE Vol. 59