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Shooting Live Television Shows on Film
By KARL FREUND
Experience in shooting live television shows on film is described, in which three motion picture cameras were used instead of television cameras, with overhead lighting and in the presence of an audience. Subject contrast was measured by means of a flare-free brightness photometer.
JL HERE ARE various methods by which programs are produced for home television: (1) the direct live show with audience participation, (2) the same show kinescope recorded, (3) motion picture films formerly made for theater exhibition and (4) motion pictures especially made for television by the use of one camera and lights properly placed for each individual camera setup. In 1951 Desilu Productions (Desi Arnaz and Lucille Ball) asked me to be Director of Photography for the / Love Lucy audience-participation show, introducing for the first time a deviation from standard procedure. Television cameras were to be replaced by three motion picture cameras to provide more flexibility in editing and nation-wide better photographic quality than that accomplished by kinescope recording.
Presented on October 7, 1952, at the Society's Convention at Washington, D.C., by John W. Boyle for the author, Karl Freund, Director of Photography, 15024 Devonshire St., San Fernando, Calif.
Being aware that this was a step in the right direction and a challenge to a motion picture camerman, I accepted the assignment without realizing that besides the usual problems connected with photographing motion pictures, I would inherit additional troubles photographing a live television show.
A regular motion picture studio was equipped with bleachers to accommodate approximately 300 people and a series of directional microphones and loudspeakers installed overhead (Fig. 1). The lighting for the sets had to be placed above, to give the audience a clear view of the show and also to give the cameras 100% mobility without interference of floor cables.
Motion picture technicians have expressed a special curiosity as to why it was decided to present the / Love Lucy show before a live audience. It seemed unusual to make so many painstaking preparations to please a group of only 300 spectators each week when the show was aimed at an ultimate audience of many millions. And yet the one thing which may be the key to the popularity
January 1953 Journal of the SMPTE Vol. 60