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Rapid Drying of Normally Processed Black-and-White Motion Picture Film
By F. DANA MILLER
The introduction of rapid drying technique for rapidly processed film suggests its possible application for the drying of normally processed motion picture films. Consideration of the drying process seems to indicate that hot impinged air should be the most satisfactory method of commercial practice. Experiments were made on a laboratory machine in which the film passes between two parallel air chambers. Small holes in the sides of the chambers facing the film permit hot air to impinge on both sides of the film. Air temperatures ranging from 125 F to 210 F and air velocities of 2,000 to 6,000 fpm were used. Eastman Fine Grain Release Positive Safety Film was dried in 10 sec on laboratory equipment of this type and Eastman Plus X Panchromatic Negative Safety Film was dried in 16 sec. The physical properties of several films dried in this equipment were quite similar to the properties of conventionally dried films, but this is not true for all types of film. Rapid driers can be extremely compact and their power requirements should be no greater than for conventional driers.
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N REGENT YEARS several factors have combined to focus new attention on the problem of drying motion picture films. The gradual increase in processing machine speeds without change in the processing or drying times has led to longer and longer thread-ups in the wet and dry ends of the machines. It was the impetus of the television industry which led to the first radical change in the processing and drying of film. To satisfy television's requirements a technique for processing and drying film
Presented on October 8, 1952, at the Society's Convention at Washington, D.C., by F. Dana Miller, Manufacturing Experiments Div., Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester 4, N.Y.
at the rate of 90 fpm in 30 sec was perfected. Of this cycle only 5 sec are used for drying. It must be remembered that special high-temperature processing is used and its application is limited to a few types of films. However, barring undesirable effects on the film, the drying method might be used for any or all types of black-and-white film processed in the normal manner.
Motion picture film defects associated with insufficient or excessive drying are tackiness, high positive, curl, buckle, thermal "in-and-out" of focus, spokiness, and flute. These defects and their causes were described by Carver, Talbot and Loomis.1 In the conventional type of driers, it is not particularly difficult
February 1953 Journal of the SMPTE Vol. 60
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