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Table I.
Cross-section size of channel
Max. Re obtained
Gpm at max. Re
Ap at max. Re
Max. Re0-9 ~JT
Hp req.
1
|X fin.
Not used
Not used
Not used
Not used
Not used
2
1 X fin.
85,800
25.7
3.75
1.94 X 10s
0.057
3
1 X iin.
90,800
24.7
9.0
2.78 X 105
0.13
4
1 X * in.
82,600
20.3
18.5
4.64 X 10*
0.22
5
1 X 3^ in.
51,400
11.9
20.5
6.02 X 105
0.14
6
1 X &in.
38,700
8.7
23.5
9.40 X 106
0.12
7
2 X .015 in.
11,200
5.25
19.5
6.95 X 10s
0.06
which permitted the flushing of the entire system.
Each fluid tank had a cooling system using i%-in. stainless-steel cooling tubes through which tap water was forced. The flow of the tap water was regulated by means of four solenoid-operated valves which were controlled from four thermostats hung in the individual tanks. This system automatically maintained the four solutions at between 68 and 70 F.
In order to perform proper tests a number of different channels were made available to be mounted in the draw slide over the film. These channels were all milled out to a different depth and had proper entrance and exit sections to reduce the pressure drop. The available channels are shown in Table I.
Inasmuch as the total number of stainless-steel valves required for the operation of four fluids was not immediately available and time was of the essence, the machine as shown in Figs. 2 to 8 inclusive was constructed for twofluid operation and manual water flushing. Most experiments were done on the machine as shown and the other four valves permitting four-fluid operation were not installed until later.
Description of the Tests
Definitions. Before describing the tests performed it might be well to define some terms which will be used hereafter.
"Stagnant" or "no agitation" de
veloping refers to the development of a sample of film lying completely at rest in a standard developing tray. The fluid in the tray is completely at rest. The fluid in the tray consists of a sample of fluid taken from the developer tank of the turbulent processing machine. These samples of developers were taken from the tank of the turbulent processing machine only after the developer fluid had been circulated through the machine so as to provide thorough mixing. After the sample of developer fluid had been put into the tray the temperature of the fluid in the tray was measured with a thermometer.
"Manual agitation" or "constant agitation" refers to a test sample of film which is agitated vigorously through the developer in a developing tray. The developer in the tray was again obtained from the tank in a turbulent processing machine as before. The temperature of the developer in the tray was again measured with a thermometer before and after tests.
Resolution Test. A rough resolution test was first performed with a number of film strips of Super XX Aerographic film exposed to a newspaper by means of an ordinary camera. A number of these strips were placed in a standard developing tray where they were developed by either "no agitation" developing or "constant agitation" developing (for definitions of these terms see above). A number of similar samples were then
116
February 1953 Journal of the SMPTE Vol. 60