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films during the exposing part of the printing cycle. Figure 7 shows a front view of the contact printer gate, where A is the exposing aperture and B are the registration pins. Any air trapped between the two films is drawn out from holes matching the perforations by a vacuum pump attached at G through the channel, shown in dotted lines.
If an optical printer is used for both steps, the same requirements must be satisfied regarding registration and may be achieved by the same means. If the separations are made on a step-contact printer and the internegative is printed on an optical printer, or vice versa, the location of the registration pins in both printers must be arranged to permit the maintenance of registration and orientation for projection. In any optical printing step, the resulting contrast will be dependent on the Callier Q-factor of the original. This is particularly true when printing from the separation positives because the silver image scatters far more light than a dye image does. This means, of course, that if separations have been made at the correct contrast for optical printing on the internegative they will
give too low a contrast for a satisfactory contact print.
In making certain types of effects using the present films, it must be kept in mind that the gammas of the three separation positives are not equal, since the unequal process gammas of the color internegative are compensated for in these positives. This is illustrated in Fig. 8, which shows the "print-through" sensitometric curves for a color negative neutral scale exposure printed on the separation positive film. The X's on the curves mark the densities of the whites and shadows occurring in a typical scene. The density ranges in the three separations are not equal. If a fade or dissolve is made by printing such positives on the internegative film, these density ranges must be spread over the same number of frames, or a shift in color balance will occur. Consequently, the shutter, diaphragm or other mechanism must be actuated at different rates for the different separations. In cases where the effects can be introduced in making the positives, this difficulty is avoided because the original has matched gammas.
Anderson, Groet, Horton and Zwick: Color Internegative
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