We use Optical Character Recognition (OCR) during our scanning and processing workflow to make the content of each page searchable. You can view the automatically generated text below as well as copy and paste individual pieces of text to quote in your own work.
Text recognition is never 100% accurate. Many parts of the scanned page may not be reflected in the OCR text output, including: images, page layout, certain fonts or handwriting.
Time-Zone Delay of Television Programs by Kinescope Recording
By RALPH E. LOVELL
A technique is described whereby network television programs can be delayed for three hours to compensate for the time differential between the east and west coasts. The use of 35mm film for picture and magnetic recording for sound insures high-quality reproduction.
I
N TELEVISION, as in radio, the matter of a three-hour time difference between the east and west coasts of the United States creates a serious problem in releasing programs at a time which will reach the desired audience at all points throughout the country. In radio, the problem has for years been solved by disc or tape recording with appropriate hours of delay in playback to compensate for the time-zone differential. The opening of the coast-to-coast television network in 1951 created a similar challenge to kinescope recording of television programs.
As in radio, there are two aspects of this delayed broadcasting. Many live television programs intended primarily for eastern evening reception originate in Hollywood in the late afternoon, but are not released to the west coast cities at the time of origination because the desired western audience is not available at that
Presented on October 7, 1952, at the Society's Convention at Washington, D.C., by Ralph E. Lovell, National Broadcasting Co., Sunset and Vine, Hollywood 28, Calif.
time. These programs can now be recorded in Hollywood and reproduced — usually three hours later — for viewers in Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle and San Diego, at the west coast evening hour desired by the sponsor or network. Conversely, many shows originate in New York, or other eastern cities, at a time convenient to eastern audiences, but again they are three hours too early for western audiences. These programs can likewise be recorded in Hollywood at the time of their live origination in the east and be telecast throughout the west coast three hours later. The terms "Quick Kine" or "Hot Kine" have been coined to describe such three-hour delay recordings, the techniques for accomplishing which are new and rather complex, and depend upon close coordination between recording, processing, editing, projection and messenger personnel.
Figure 1 shows a portion of the kinescope recording room at NBC Hollywood. On the right is a 16mm singlesystem camera, and on the left a 16mm sound recorder of conventional design.
March 1953 Journal of the SMPTE Vol. 60
235