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the initial development gamma. A third part of the problem, but no less acute than the preceding ones, was to integrate the solution into the existing equipment with a minimum amount of modification. The present Cinecolor process is adapted to handle either 35mm or double 16mm and it was desirable to maintain this flexibility.
The final approach to the problem was to attempt a modification of the threecolor SupercineColor process to produce a two-color Cinecolor release with silver sound track. This process has been described in detail by Gundelfinger.5 The process is briefly described here as follows : The initial exposure and development of a black-and-white image on each side of duplitized film is followed by toning, the regeneration of a light-sensitive material and drying. The third image is printed in register and developed, with the requisite bleaching, dyeing and fixing steps following in the proper order. From this procedure the resultant sound track is the same color as the cyan component of the picture, i.e., ferriferrocyanide. By the use of this process with a modification of the second development stage and an appropriate dye, the problem was easily resolved. In effect, the modification was to print the sound instead of the third image of the three-color process, and keep it a silver image instead of dyeing it. Although an extra processmachine step was involved over normal two-color production, only minor changes
in the machines were required, and for two-color the number of printing steps were the same. With the use of a higher gamma developer for the sound several of the above sections of the problem were eliminated, namely the resist application and redevelopment portions. The UK of a higher gamma second developer resulted in easy processing of two-color 16mm release with a silver sound track. The prevention of attack by bleaching and dyeing is easily obtained as a result of the design of the process machines and past experience in the processing of film by flotation.
Cross and intermodulation tests indicate that while in some cases re-recording might be desirable, it is not a general requisite. The resulting product from this processing method and the use of an optical sound printer is very good.
References
1. R. J. Cashman, "Lead-sullidc photoconductive cells for sound reproduction," Jour. SMPE, 49: 342-347, Oct. 1947.
2. Norman Anderson and Serge Pakswer, "Comparison of lead-sulfide photoconductive cells with photoe missive tubes," Jour. SMPE, 52: 41-48, Jan. 1949.
3. De Vry JAN Projector.
4. Color Committee Report, "Characteristics of Color Film Sound Tracks," Jour. SMPTE, 54: 377, Mar. 1950.
5. Alan M. Gundelfinger, "Cinecolor threecolor process," Jour. SMPTE, 5-1: 74 86, Jan. 1950.
John Fritzen: 16mm Color With Silver Track
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