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Increasing the Efficiency of Television Station Film Operation
By R. A. ISBERG
Techniques have been developed in the scheduling of film programs and the splicing of films which reduce the technical manpower required for operations. By utilizing oversize reels and remote control of the projection equipment, two men can easily handle audio and video control and also be responsible for normally unattended film projection equipment. Practical techniques of film splicing and editing are also described.
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.ORE than half of the average television station's program time is generally supplied by 16mm film. Film is required from sign-on to sign-off time which covers a period of from ten to seventeen hours per day. During major portions of the program schedule the entire operation usually depends upon film with no live studio participation. In some of the smaller stations the entire program schedule is transmitted from film and network microwave, if available.
From the standpoint of economy, it is desirable to have the studio, offices and transmitter at one location, but in many areas propagation considerations require that the transmitter be located on a high hill or mountain. This almost invari
Presented on April 28, 1953, at the Society's Convention at Los Angeles by R. A. Isberg, Consulting Television Engineer, 2001 Barbara Dr., Palo Alto, Calif. (This paper was received first on May 11, 1953, and in revised form on August 28, 1953.)
ably results in separate studio and transmitter locations with a correspondingly increased technical staff.
After careful consideration of operating costs and program plans, some television stations have installed their film-projection facilities at their transmitter and their live studio facilities at a downtown location. This permits film operation at any time and live telecasting can be confined to times when a studio crew is available. However, it creates a minor film-transportation and make-up problem, and in some ways complicates the integration of film with live programs, since the film-camera monitors cannot be economically duplicated at the studio. This latter objection applies particularly to the preview of visual effects by the producer or director at the studio prior to their use in an integrated live and film program, but it is possible to integrate films and live programs very satisfactorily without the studio preview facilities by coordinating the operations through a private-line telephone. If
October 1953 Journal of the SMPTE Vol. 61
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