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Vidicon Film-Reproduction Cameras
By HENRY N. KOZANOWSKI
Analysis and experience show that an ideal device for television film reproduction should have high resolution, excellent signal-to-noise ratio, wide contrast range, a stable gamma characteristic with a slope of 0.6 and good black-level control. It should operate with standard television projectors. Our work during the past two years has convinced us that the vidicon camera conies closest to this ideal. In addition to the characteristics already mentioned, the vidicon camera can be operated nonsynchronously, making it possible to provide local film inserts in network programming. The sensitivity for film operation is approximately three times greater than with the iconoscope, providing a large increase in projector lamp life. The simplicity and stability of a vidicon camera system make it very attractive for "unattended" operation with a minimum of adjustment and attention.
A particular form of vidicon film camera with its deflection, video and control circuits is described and illustrated. The problems and possible solutions of optical and electrical multiplexing for typical television broadcast operation are discussed. A broadcasting requirement for the reproduction of transparencies, opaques and other more specialized opaque presentations can be filled by equipment which is now in a product-development phase. We believe that, with the developments now available, the television broadcaster can provide picture quality in this field comparable with the best live pickup performance with equipment requiring only nominal attention and skill.
THE earliest days of television, and continued attention. Motionboth in its experimental phases and picture film originally offered a wide in commercial television broadcasting, choice of readily available program the problem of reproducing motion material as compared to the production picture film has received concentrated of live.studio shows which require more
elaborate facilities, long rehearsal time
Presented on October 7 1953 at the and considerably greater expense. With
Society s Convention at New York by /• i j • i
Henry N. Kozanowski, Radio Corporation the development of better studio pickup
of America, RCA Victor Div., Engineering cameras, such as those based on the
Products Dept., Camden 2, N.J. image-orthicon tube, it became possible
(This paper was received Oct. 22, 1953.) to produce high-quality studio programs
February 1954 Journal of the SMPTE Vol. 62 153