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Stereography
and the Physiology of Vision
By EDWARD LEVONIAN
The transmission of an image from the original scene to the 3-D screen involves several transformations, the last of which occurs in the spectator himself. Analysis of any transmission system or theory has significance only as it pertains to the capabilities of the human visual apparatus. The spectator must be considered an integral part — the most important part — of the transmission system, and, as such, the evaluation of any system should be preceded by, and based on, a knowledge of the limitations imposed by the physiology of vision. It is the purpose of this paper to investigate some of these limitations.
At is possible to analyze mathematically the transformation of an object in the scene to an image on the screen. Yet to analyze in this manner the ocular, neural and psychological factors involved in perception not only is beyond the present state of knowledge but also presents problems in relating effects to a coordination of numbers. Therefore, consideration will be given only to a few physiological effects that are related to stereography, and no causal relationships in regard to these effects will be investigated.
In any transmission system using mechanically independent units, we must
A contribution submitted September 24, 1953, by Edward Levonian, 1533 Fourth Ave., Los Angeles 19, Calif. This paper is an abridged portion of a thesis for an MA degree at the University of Southern California. Members of the thesis committee were William C. Blume, Chairman ; Nicholas Rose; Paul A. White.
expect differences between the two aspects in registration, illumination, color, and in any other factor which is separately controlled for each aspect. To what extent such differences may exist without adversely affecting the intent of transmission is a problem which can be determined precisely only by experimentation, which, because of the large number of variables involved, is beyond the scope of this paper. However, since the body of knowledge in the field of physiological optics is more advanced than in the less explored field of film technology, it has been found economical to investigate certain evidences offered by the field of the physiology of vision which seem to have a bearing on the 3-D film. Such an investigation cannot replace experimentation in the theater, and, at best, can only lead to approximations which indicate the order and direction of mechano-optical accuracies which must
March 1954 Journal of the SMPTE Vol. 62
199