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1074 MOTION-PICTURE JURISDICTIONAL DISPUTES Mr. Johnston. I would prefer that we pay our own man, because then the union would have the opportunity of picking their own man. If he is a Federal employee, they have no opportunity to pick him. They might get a man who is completely disf aithf ul to them. It is much better, in my opinion, if the union has an opportunity to help select the man who is finally going to adjudicate on their arbitration difficulties. Mr, Owens. Well, knowing human nature as we do, once a man like that seems to be agreeable to both sides, he will be agreeable for 1 year, and then he will not be agreeable after that. Mr. Johnston. Now, Mr. Owens, that is not true. For instance, the paid arbitrator for disputes at General Motors has been there for a long time. I think it has worked out eminently satisfactory. I can give you a number of other illustrations where paid arbitra- tors have been on the job for a protracted period of time. As a matter of fact, they are more loved and revered now than they were when thej^ were originally hired. Mr. Owens. Now, just one more thing. After the law w^as passed last year in June, why couldn't you have planned, at least when you have the law, so planned your problems that on August 22 the problem would have gone to the Board, and you at least would have had it settled by this time ? Mr. Johnston. I would like to have you ask legal counsel that. It deals, as I understand it, with the fact that tlie strike occurred almost a year previously and men are involved in it who had nothing to do with the previous law. Furthermore, the law requires there shall not be a closed shop, and we have closed shops in Hollywood. There we get into another difficulty. Mr. ()wENS. The law does not mention closed shops at all, does it? Mr. Johnston. Oh, yes; it does. Mr. Owens. It just merely says the employer shall not discriminate by encouraging or discouraging membership in unions and then pro- vide the method which is called union shop, but we do not use the words "union" or "closed shop." Mr. Johnston. You may not use the words, Mr. Owens, but it es- sentially is the closed shop. They have another problem in Holly- wood. I would like to have the legal people tell you about that. Mr. Owens. What did you do, make a contract before August 27? Mr. Johnston. Right. Mr. Owens. Which you have a right to do, but were they made with all of the unions ? Mr. Johnston. Yes; they were made with all of the unions, as I understand it. Mr. Owens. Still you had that contract and the trouble continued? Mr. Johnston. That is right. Mr. Owens. Those were some contracts, weren't they? Mr. Johnston. I have been advocatinof consistently. Mr. Owens, a provision for permanent arbitration of jurisdictional disputes in Hollywood to be in all contracts. So far I have not been successful. I say this with great regret because I think it would have solved our problem had we been able to do so.