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1270 MOTION-PICTURE JURISDICTIONAL DISPUTES Mr. BoREN. We did. Mr. Owens. Then in August, when the so-called clarification was rendered, you refused to go along with that clarification so-called ? Mr. BoREN. We did, because upon advice of counsel we had a bind- ing contract, a binding agreement so far as jurisdiction was concerned. Mr. Owens. And you made the demands upon these people to work, then issued the checks in accordance with your theory of operation ? Mr. BoREN. We did. Before we made the test of whether they would work or not and we could find out whether we could operate our studios or not, we asked these men to come back to work and return under the directive that had been issued. Mr, Owens. What is the situation today with respect to that mat- ter? Mr. Boren. I am sorry, I do not get that. Mr. Owens. What is the situation today with respect to that? Mr. Boren. To the carpenters and painters ? Mr. Owens. Yes; to the difficulty that then existed? Are you operating ? Mr. Boren. Oh, yes; we are operating. ]Mr. Owens. Are you operating normally ? Mr. Boren. No; we are not operating normally, but we are not operating abnormally because of this strike condition. The motion- picture industry has been adversely hit by a falling off of the box office domestically; the increased tax situation about which you have no doubt read in the papers, Congressman, have caused serious re- trenchments in the studios. Mr. Owe'ns. Well, that would be a normal condition of things arising outside. Mr. Boren. Because production is low in Hollywood does not arise out of the strike situation. Mr. Owens. Now, going back to the situation Mr. Sorrell men- tioned in 1945 when he spoke of undesirable workers, are those the people who were employed during the time of war while the painters were on strike? Mr. Boren. Yes. Mr. Owens. And who came in to operate while we were at war to kee]) the work going? Mr. Boren. Yes. Mr. Owens. Were they members of the union, or of one of the unions? Mr. Boren. I cannot testify whether they were members of the union. In 1945 the lATSE supplied us with men. I am sure that some of them and many of them had cards or permits from the lATSE. Many of those men were members of the lATSE that worked in the "strikers' jurisdiction," as it is best termed. Many of them had been members of the lATSE for many years, and particularly those people who possessed and had the skills of the carpentry trade. Mr. Owens. Did you hire anyone except through the unions? Mr. Boren. I speak for Paramount: Yes, we did. We had five men ourselves who went and conscripted men who possessed the skill of carpentry to work in our studios. Mr. Owens. Men that you needed. Mr. Boren. Men that we needed.