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46 JUVENILE DELENTQUENCY Chairman Kefatjvee. We are glad to see. A little while ago Mr. Ed Ladeck who has been helping the com- mittee and who is Congressman Eoosevelt's fieldman was here, and I just wanted to tell him how grateful we are for his assistance. Mr. Nort Sanders is our next witness. Mr. Sanders. My name is Nort Sanders and my position is chief, Community Services Division, Probation Department, Los Angeles County. Chairman Kefauver. Mr. Bobo, will you ask Mr. Sanders the pre- liminary questions? Then give Mr. Sanders an opportunity to tell us what he knows about this situation. Mr. BoBO. Mr. Sanders-, how long have you been with the Probation Department of Los Angeles County'? Mr. Sanders. Sir, since January 1939. Mr. Bobo. And you work under the direct supervision of Mr. Carl Holton, is that correct ? Mr. Sanders. That's right. Mr. BoBO. The function of your department would be to accept from the juvenile courts those who are committed to the probation depart- ment by the juvenile courts ? STATEMENT OF NOKT SANDEKS, CHIEF, COMMUNITY SERVICES DIVISION, PROBATION DEPARTMENT, LOS ANGELES COUNTY Mr. Sanders. "Well now, the particular division of work that I have is our connnunity services and that includes the crime and delin- quency prevention work in my department. In my particular office of work we do not handle the investigation and supervision of cases for the juvenile court; we have the community organization program, the coordinating council program for developing community interest into a concerted effort in correcting community factors that contribute to delinquency. We have the group guidance program, incidentally the staff' that Andy Griffin referred, to that are assigned out into the so-called gang areas of the county. That staff works full time and exclusively in these so-called gang areas Avith very hard to reach youth. We also staff the county committee on juvenile relations and provide the county coming-home program. Mr. BoBO. Would you tell us something about the work that your community services division does with youth gangs and relative to them ? Mr. Sanders, Yes, sir. Our department has taken responsibility in this field since 1941. That was at the time that there was consid- erable gang warfare, the so-called zuit-suit or pauchuca-riot days. We entered the field because all agencies at that time were asked to help in any way they were equipped to do so because of the com- munity crises. We also faced very real problems in our juenvile-court work in handling the case of a boy who would be brought before the court involved in gang activities. Very frequently, or usually would not be the youngster who precipitated the difficulty, but one who hap- pened to be picked up. And in returning him to the community with directions that he should not associate with boys with whom he has been in trouble, he should have certain restrictions that would put him in direct conflict with the prevailing pattern of life in the community