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CHRONO-PHOTOaitAPHY. 55 is capable of regulation within wide limits. The series of twelve views can thus be completed in i ^ seconds or extended over minutes. This, as previously men- tioned, is the final example of the battery for taking a limited number of pictures, and was itself three years later in date than the pioneer machine by Greene and Evans, similar in character to those of the present day, which have in nearly all instances followed its arrange- ment at least in general principles, though the form has been simplified and improved. The multiple-type having shown itself as adapted solely to the purposes of Chrono-photography, and being without capability of adaptation in the direction of obtaining long series, there remains simply the description of the single-lens system of Chrono- photography. This method, instituted by Marey, was 1-epresented in its first stages solely by instruments devoted to the analysis of motion ; by slow stages and gradual improvement extending over a quarter of a century it developed the modern living picture apparatus as we now know it. The earliest attempt in Chrono- photography was hardly worthy of the name, yet it pointed the road to the true method of single-lens working. In the year 1865 Messrs. Onimus and Martin exposed the bared heart of a living animal before an opened lens for the purpose of photographing it while in motion. With the low degree of sensibility then obtaining among photo-surfaces the exposure naturally extended over one or more pulsations of the heart, but as a pause takes place at each extreme of the heart's beat, the outlines of these positions were better defined than the space between, and a record was therefore obtained of the maximum and mmirrmm limits of a pulsation. Clearly it was only necessary to secure outlines of several intermediate positions in order that the experiment should attain the character of