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14 MAKING BETTER MOVIES ing color differences in a scene, in terms of black and white tones." The more pronounced the chromatic qualities of a film, the more faithfully it will render on the screen in tones of black and white the variations, for example, of a dress that has both red and black material. Almost all amateur film is sold to the user with the understanding that it may be sent back to the maker for a special treatment, known as reversal, from which this kind of film is referred to as reversal or reversible. By this process, the film, after it has been run through the camera to take the picture, is sent to the manufacturer who so treats it chemically that it is made ready to put into the projecting machine, to throw its images on the screen. An amateur may secure film to be used only as a negative (a film which, when developed, exhibits all of the black and white tones of the scene in their opposites and which may be used as a master film to print other films for screening); with this negative he takes pictures. The nega- tive is then developed and, from it, a separate film is printed; this film is known as a positive and is used for screening. While this method of operation provides the filmer with a negative from which he may have innumer- able prints made as often as he pleases, it is more ex- pensive, requiring the purchase of two separate films; furthermore, motion picture laboratories must be specially equipped to produce good results with this process and such are to be found only in the larger cities. Because of the appearance of a new film system on the amateur horizon, in recent months, the principles of camera mechanism and threading (putting the film into the camera mechanism so that you are ready to take pic- tures) may, broadly speaking, be separated into two gen- eral divisions, one involving 16mm. film (9% mm - an d 35mm. being operated on the same principles as 16mm.) and the other involving 8mm. film. Since 16mm. film has provided the basis for amateur film terminology, it might