The miracle of the movies (1947)

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Kircher, a Jesuit priest, invented the Magia Catoptrica, or magic lantern, in 1640. An oil lamp, a lens, and a painted slide resulted in a primitive picture, but as there was no condenser lens the resultant image was hazy. Absence of a second lens did not necessitate reversing the slide; today all pictures go through the projector upside down The camera obscura was the forerunner of the film camera, except that the audience was inside the camera. A rotating lens in the pinnacle of the roof drinks in the landscape outside and projects it on to the whitetopped table below, where the spectators watch a replica of life both in miniature and in natural colours The Zoetrope, or Wheel of Life, was a popular moving picture toy which Desvignes patented in i860. Here, in an elaborated form, and with a candle as its illuminant, printed bands of figures line the inside of the rotating, open topped drum. Mirrors set at angles in the centre of the plaything reflect the moving bands and split them up into separate glimpses. The spectator thus has the illusion that the figures are actually running and jumping as in life