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144
MOSES AND EGYPT
151. Jewish Encycl, IV, 293.
152. N. M. Davies, I, Pi. 10.
153. Ex. 3:5.
154. N. M. Davies, I, Pis. 10, 11.
155.
156.
157.
158.
Encycl. Phot. Musee du Caire, Pis. 82, 142, 145, 146. See also Encycl. Phot, de VArt, I, 66, 67, 103A.
Encycl. Phot. Musee du Caire, Pis. 30, 41. Also Encycl. Phot, de VArt, I, 36, 108; N. M. Davies, I, Pis. 7, 34, 44, 48.
a) Encycl. Phot. Musee du Caire, Pis. 12, 43.
b ) Encycl. Phot, de VArt, I, 12, 18, 21, 29, 37, 81.
c) A. Mekhitarian, Egyptian Painting
( Geneva, 1954), p. 125.
d ) Erman and Ranke, PP. 247, 262.
e) N. M. Davies, I, Pis. 7, 8, 49; II, PI. 54.
Erman and Ranke, pp. 247, 252. See also End. Phot. Musee du Caire, Pis. 5, 6, 12; Engelbach, p. 151.
well as the coat or cloak (see: veil, above). It is believed, however, that the dresses of women, though of the same basic design as those of men, were longer and wider.151
The Semitic women depicted on Egyptian tomb walls wear a many-colored patterned dress of simple cut, leaving the right shoulder bare.152
To those who like curios, it may be of interest to know that Thomas De Quincey ( 1785-1859 ) wrote an essay, "Toilette of the Hebrew Lady," in which he describes the costumes of Hebrew women.
f) Footwear. Though a "shoe-latchet" is mentioned as early as Genesis 14:23, and shoes in the revelation of the Burning Bush,153 the wearing of them probably was not very general. We have to refer again to the actual documentation of contemporary Egyptian monuments to observe that one group of Semitic women and a boy are all attired with ankle-high boots. Elsewhere, a man is shown shod with sandals.154
Hair Styles
a) Hair styles in Egypt. When one looks upon the statues, reliefs and paintings depicting the great and the small of ancient Egypt one becomes aware of a great many hair fashions.
Among men, in some cases, such fashions look uncomfortably pompous by the sheer mass of hair they contain.155 Others appear to the modern eye like "page cuts" or "bobs."150 We can also observe short haircuts and bald heads; both are frequently implied by the tightfitting skull caps men were wont to wear and the latter may have been brought about by natural causes or else the heads were shaved.157
During the Old Kingdom men sometimes wore dapper moustaches and natural beards.158 But these external signs of masculinity soon disappeared and instead—first only by the pharaoh and then by others as well— an artificial beard was worn. This custom was no longer predominant in the period of the film. We