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COSTUMES AND ADORNMENTS
145
dispensed with it altogether, for even at its best it was a clumsy affair held onto the chin by means of bands attached to the headdress.159
A rather startling full-length portrait of Rameses II shows this pharaoh unshaven, even though he is attired in full regalia. The stubble on his face looks no different from that of some commoner who could never make any aspiration to regal grandeur.160
While there is no doubt that priests shaved their heads,1"1 there is no unanimity of opinion as to whether the pharaoh and other men did the same, or merely cropped their hair close to the head.162 It is an "either —or" proposition. We show Pharaoh as well as prince Rameses with shaved heads on the screen, reasoning that since both of them were priests by tradition, they followed this priestly custom. Moses, as prince of Egypt and commander of Pharaoh's host, wears his hair cut short.
Young boys had their heads shaved except for a strand of hair.163 We assume that this sign of youth was no longer adhered to when manhood was reached. It remained, however, as a telling identification for the sons of the pharaoh, who continued to wear this lock of youth even as grown men. In the picture, Moses and Rameses— and later also the son of Rameses and Nefretiri— are shown with this lock while they are princes of Egypt. This princely lock changed in appearance from time to time. Sometimes it looks braided or it is a strand of hair held together by some jeweled band of gold; and yet another style shows a blue material enveloping or simulating the lock.164
Professional barbers plied their trade in open-air shops, as it is done in villages of the Near East to this day.165
For women the choice of coiffures was equally great. They wore their hair short or long, in plaits and curls, plain or artfully waved. Sometimes the long combed hair fell in massive strands down the back and below the right and left shoulders in front. Hair ornamentations were frequently used, such as a decorated band,
159. Erman and Ranke, p. 252. Also N. M. Davies, I, PI. 12.
160. N. M. Davies, II, PI. 100. Also Erman and Ranke, p. 262 (PI. 102).
161.
Erman and Ranke, p. 246. Also Encycl. Phot. Musee du Caire, p. 148.
162. Erman and Ranke, p. 246; Engelbach, p. 151.
163. Erman and Ranke, p. 89.
164.
Ibid.
b) N. M. Davies, II, PI. 103.
c ) Epigraphic Survey, IV, 198.
165. Erman and Ranke, p. 246, Pis. 20, 21.