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148
MOSES AND EGYPT
182.
183.
184.
Jewish People: Past and Present, I (New York, 1946), Plate facing p. 36.
Ibid., pp. 12-15.
Ibid., Plate facing p. 36.
185. Jewish Encycl., II, 531.
usually, but not always, in a length that leaves the neck free. They are always bearded. The beard thinly outlines the upper part of the jawbone and becomes fuller as it proceeds towards the chin, where it ends in a point. In the particular document we refer to, each man is without a moustache.182 The period is the late twentieth century B.C., or roughly the era of Abraham. Semitic war prisoners of the fourteenth century B.C. present slightly longer hair, a fuller beard, and moustaches. A few centuries later the curled and highly ornate beard of Assyrians does not appear in this fashion on their Jewish war prisoners.183
The pictures of Semitic women studied by us show the hair to be very full and falling below their shoulders. The likeness to certain Egyptian hair styles is literal.184
While searching for information on Hebrew hair fashions for the picture The Ten Commandments we discovered some information not related to the Bible. We found the description of a custom adopted by married Jewish women which was of non-Jewish origin. The clipping of hair that certain orthodox Jewish women performed upon marriage derived from Slavonic customs. This was taken over by the Jews of Poland in the sixteenth century A.D., from where it spread to other countries. The cropped head was covered by a cap, and later a wig was worn over the owner's hair.185
Perfume, Incense and Cosmetics
Make-up played an important part in the lives of the ancient Egyptians. Cosmetics for the eyes, lips and cheeks, oils and ointments for the hair and body were extensively used.
Related to these are many artifacts made for their use. Among them are artfully carved containers to hold perfumes and decorated mirrors made of polished metal. The desire to be and feel clean caused men to shave with straight-edged razors.
The most widely used eye-paints were malachite ( a