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FOR MANAGERS' AND OPERATORS 49 Company and another of the same type put out by the Kleine Optical Company which are in such general use that they must be mentioned, though not put out with a machine outfit. These machines comply with Underwriters' rules and consist of a number of cells in one case. They are well made and in every way first class machines. Each cell is in effect a separate rheostat and the various cells may be used singly, in series or in multiple. The five-cell rheostat is an excellent machine for road work. TRANSFORMERS. The use of the rheostat form of resistance on alternating current is out of date. Too much power is wasted in heat, besides which they do not furnish nearly so satisfactory projection current as does a rightly constructed transformer. The "Inductors," "Economizers," "Compensarcs," etc., so widely advertised, are nothing more or less than low voltage transformers. The claims made as to current saving through their use are probably somewhat exaggerated, but that they are very much more economical than is the rheostat is be- yond question. There is, however, a very decided difference in different makes of these machines and you will do well to investigate carefully before purchasing, especially as they are somewhat expensive in first cost. Their weight renders them undesirable for road work. In ordering it is well to state the number of cycles of the current it is to be used on. A good transformer used on the current cycle it is de- signed for is absolutely noiseless and you should be able to lay your hand on it anywhere, at any time, without feeling undue heat. Usually they are adjustable, giving about three different amperages, ranging from 30 to 50, from 35 to 55 or 40 to 60 in different machines. It is quite possible to get practically as good projection light from 60 cycle alternating current, by the use of one of these machines, as from direct current, but very close attention must be paid to setting the carbons, as will be explained further on under different heading. The current you get from a transformer has no kind of mechanical contact with the street mains. It is not the same current as that with which they are charged, but an induced current of much lower voltage. The transformer