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FOR MANAGERS AND OPERATORS 101 less. I know I am roasting the exchanges a good deal, but unfortunately it is all "coming to them"—or to sorhe of them. Those whom the shoe doesn't fit need not wear it. In look- ing over film, unwind into the tank or takeup and rewind slowly, holding film by edges with pressure enough to "cup" it. You will thus by sense of touch be able to detect all broken sprocket holes and loose patches. If more than two sprocket holes are missing in one place, cut it out. In case you should ever be caught without cement, an emergency substitute may be had in ordinary liquid glue. Proceed as you would with cement, but use the glue instead. Don't put much on, though, and give it ample time to dry. This should only be done in case of emergency, however, as it is by no manner of means good practice and makes but a very, very poor JoB at best. You can measure the exact length of a film by running through a machine, counting the turns of the crank. The Power's, Edison, Motiograph, and, I believe, the Lubin, also, pass exactly one foot of film to each turn of the crank. The Viascope passes nine inches. And now let me call your attention to the fact that, at a normal speed of 60 feet per minute, 960 separate and distinct photographs must stop dead still—dead still, without a.quiver or particle of vibration, each occupying precisely, to the thousandth of an inch, the exact space filled by its predecessors—each minute. It requires slight discernment to see that to accomplish a result so mar- velously rapid and accurate not only the mechanism, but the film itself, must be in good condition. FILM JUMPING. The writer has had hundreds of letters asking why some new films apparently sway sidewise with rhythmical motion and others continually jump on the screen. The first named fault, usually attributed to lost motion in the camera, is due to the use of a rotary perforator. The last named fault lies in the perforation also. It would occupy much valuable space to enter into detailed explanation as to the exact why and wherefore and could accomplish no corresponding good. Old, dry films jump because (a) the sprocket holes are shrunken, (b) sprocket holes are worn. The first named fault may be remedied by moistening the film as before set forth. Films