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FOR MANAGERS AND OPERATORS 175 are getting too much current. I assume that you are using ^^ cored carbons, of course. Because the other fellow seems to be drawing more current than you it does not follow that it is the fact. Remember this: needling is caused by poor binder in the carbon or else by excessive heat in the carbons. The first is an easily discoverable fault, since one has but to try other carbons. The latter can be found by searching for the cause of the heating. * * * Film Buckles or Bad Lens. —Troy, Ohio, says: "We notice, especially when any printing appears, that the outside of picture appears plain, whereas its center is out of focus. In printed matter the central letters appear confused." Taking into consideration the machine you have, I would almost swear your trouble lies in the projection lens. In other words, you have a poor lens. If there is another house in your town try to borrow their lens long enough to test it on your machine and if the trouble disappears with its use the case is proven. Otherwise have your film exchange send you a lens to try out. It is also possible the trouble lies in your aperture plate or tension springs. If tracks are worn on aperture plate or if one or both tension springs set too far in or out (do not bear squarely on tracks) it will prob- ably cause the film to cup out or in a trifle as it passes the aperture and this would produce exactly the condition you describe. Remedy is a new aperture plate or set springs right, as the case may be. I, for certain reasons, believe, how- ever, the fault lies in your lens. Cheap projection lenses do not have a flat field. * * * Dirty Sprockets. —St. Louis, Mo., writes: "Does or does not the dirt which gradually collects on the face, or rim, of the sprockets do any harm. Can you tell me some quick, easy method of removing same. I clean ofi the face of all my sprockets every day before the first show. The operator of a nearby house ridicules me for it and calls me a 'grand- mother.' What do you think about it?" I think the operator of the nearby house simply makes a display of his ignorance. Certainly the dirt does harm. It most decidedly makes the film jump if it is on the inter- mittent sprocket and helps along any inclination the film may have to climb the teeth of the other sprockets if it is on them. The best, easiest and quickest method of cleaning the sprockets is by brushing them with a stiff bristled toothbrush. Every operating room should have a toothbrush for this purpose. In this connection let me again say that the whole machine should be kept scrupulously clean. A dirty, oil- covered machine infers a sloppy workman. A sloppy work- man in turn infers almost anything else than a first class show.