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192 MOTION PICTURE HANDBOOK
and stretch the cloth on the other side, after which finish up the corners.
In tacking any cloth screen always begin at centers of each side and finish corners last.
If the work is done carefully the surfaces will be almost entirely free from wrinkles, and where a light cloth is used and well stretched by hand a very even surface is possible on a common hand-made frame. The artist frame we arc describing is provided with finishing strips which are nailed to cover up the tacks and raw edge of the cloth, and this helps the appearance very much. Beveled stretcher strips are then pushed down between the cloth and frame from the back, giving the appearance of a bevel around the edge on the face side. This gives a handsome, finished appearance to the screen generally.
In most cases the cloth is free from wrinkles when the stretcher strips are put in position, but to provide for further stretching lag bolts are placed in the frame which, when screwed in, push out the stretcher strips still farther, so that the screen can be made as tight as a drumhead. The artist frame is always good property, as it can be used again for new cloth. Those exhibitors who use metallized screens should renew them at least every two years. Many metallic screen surfaces lose their brilliancy in even less time, and often those of inferior quality will become dull within a few months. Fig. 72 shows front of finished screen.
THE FILM
The film is a strip of celluloid \Y% inches wide, by from Sl/2 to 6 thousandths of an inch thick. In the process of making the celluloid is originally in strips about 2 feet wide by 250 to 300 feet in length. These wide strips are passed through a machine which spreads upon one side a coating (negative or positive, according to the use to which the stock being treated is to be put) of photographic emulsion, approximately onethousandth of an inch in thickness, this being a part of the thickness of the film as above given.
After having received its emulsion coating the film is run through another machine, which splits it into ribbons \Y% inches wide, and these ribbons become the film stock which is purchased by the photoplay producer.
The negative stock is first perforated and then, as needed, is placed in a camera having an intermittent movement, revolving shutter and lens very similar in action to those of the projection machine (except that the mechanism is inclosed in