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FOR MANAGERS AND OPERATORS 205
which is wound tightly on an unyielding drying rack or drum will in all probability be badly stretched, and in consequence the picture on the screen will be unsteady. This fault usually may be detected by doubling two or three feet of the film back on itself, matching two sprocket holes and then seeing if the rest match. Stretched film will not fit the projector sprockets properly, hence will not produce a steady piciure on the screen.
Operators using first-run film will often notice a tendency of the film to curl up, or "cup" edgewise, with a flat spot every few inches when the film is unrolled loosely. This is evidence that it has been dried on a drum covered with slats spaced as far apart as the flat spots occur. Such film will have a tendency to buckle more or less over the aperture plate, producing an in-and-out-of-focus effect on the screen. The buckling may or may not be sufficient to be readily detected in the picture, but it is pretty sure to be present in some degree where such film is used, and even< though you cannot detect a distinct change in the definition of the picture (the flat spots are usually not more than 6 inches apart, therefore the effect is too nearly continuous to be readily detected by the eye as a separate phenomena every time a flat spot goes through) each time a flat spot passes the aperture, the effect is there and manifests itself by an injury to the sharpness of the picture. See "effect of loss of definition," Page 152. From what I have learned from some of the oldest drying-room men in the business, film should not be dried on a drying frame, but be wound on a large drum, having round-face slats not to exceed one-half inch wide, spaced not more than two inches center to center, or, better yet, though the process of drying would be slower, the face of the drum covered solid. In either case the drum should be so made that as the film shrinks in drying the diameter of the drum will be decreased against the pressure of springs.
I am not a film producer or drying-room man, but the foregoing seems to be based in common sense. It appears reasonable on the face of it. There is no manner of question but that film is often stretched in drying, and that f.he alternate cupping and flat spots are often present. Also there is no manner of doubt but that these things cause more or less trouble w>hen the film is projected. If the producer disputes the correctness of what is herein set forth, let bim set forth better reasons for the stretching and the cupping