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FOR MANAGERS AND OPERATORS 381
install a new commutator, and perhaps a new armature coil as well.
General Instruction No. 9. — Before starting the machine see that it is perfectly clean and that the brushes move freely in their holders and make good contact with the commutator. Also make sure that all connections are tight.
General Instruction No. 10. — Bearings Run Hot. The first rule when a bearing runs hot is to see that the oil well is filled with good clean oil and that the oil-rings run freely, carrying the oil to the shaft. If the bearing runs hot on a new machine shut down and wash out the bearing with kerosense. Trouble is probably due to dirt that has accumulated in shipment. If the bearing has been running along satisfactorily and suddenly gets hot, flood the well with clean oil, leaving the drain cock open and pouring in the clean oil while the machine is running to free the bearing from dirt. A change to a different grade of oil, either heavier or lighter, will often correct a bearing trouble of this kind. NEVER USE WATER TO COOL A BEARING, it may get into the insulation of the windings and cause a worse trouble. A machine with clean oil of the proper grade never gives trouble from hot bearings.
General Instruction No. 11. — Heating. Many operators who are handling motor generator sets and find them getting rather warm become unduly alarmed. Excessive heat is, of course, not only bad, but dangerous to the insulation. However the fact must be taken into consideration that the temperature of operating rooms frequently reaches between 35 and 40 degrees Cent. The American Institute of Electrical Engineers allows a temperature rise of 50 degrees Cent. (90 degrees Fahr.) above surrounding atmosphere, this being based on 40 degrees (72 degrees Fahr.) atmospheric temperature. Therefore, simply because, in a hot operating room one cannot hold his hand on the iron of the machine with comfort, it does not follow that the temperature is dangerous. A thermometer ought always to be used to determine such matters. If the thermometer does not register a temperature rise of say more than 30 or 35 degrees above the surrounding atmosphere (Centigrade), you need have no uneasiness. To change Centigrade temperature to Fahrenheit temperature multiply the degrees Cent, by 9/5 and add 32. For instance: operating room temperature, 40 Cent. What is it Fahr.? 40X9/5 = 40-4-5 = 8X9 = 72 + 32=104 degrees Fahr.