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APPEHDIX
Exhibit B. The Advent of So-mid, in Motion Pictures
Sound, in Exhibition
The advent of sound in 1926 caused a revolution in the Industry comparable with the introduction of the feature picture in 1913. The development sud.denly changed the entire business and revived a failing interest in motion picture entertainment. The tremendous influence of good music later brought to soundequipped theatres a large increase in patronage. At first only shorts were synchronized with sound reproduced, from discs. Companies moved cautiously to make the transition to sound as gradual as possible, presumably because of the large technical changes involved..
Warner Brothers' Vitaphone ushered in the present commercially successful innovation in August, 1926. Eox closed a contract with Western Electric for the development of Movietone in January, 1927, which led. to a cross-licensing arrangement with Vitaphone. A simple attachment to the projectors was developed by which Vitaphone and Movietone equipment could, be used interchangably. Subsequent cooperation of General Electric, E. C. A. and Western Electric with major producers brought quick progress* Cost of equipment for reproduction was constantly decreased, due to the Industry's knowledge that smalltheatre installations were necessary to the success of sound, pictures. Eox "caught" the Lindbergh takeoff for the solo flight to Paris for the Movietone Hews. The "covering" of the Lindbergh reception in Washington with sound newsreel made history. However, the distribution of the newsreel was restricted, due to the limited number of wired houses.
Marketing of the Western Electric equipment by Electrical Research Products began in August, 1927, offering the systems which embraced soundon-film, soundondisc, and nonsynchronous disc systems. Installation costs ranged from $8,000 to $15,000 in price, depending upon the theatre and its accoustical requirementse
Meanwhile, Warner Brothers had secretly prepared an all-dialogue picture entitled. "The Lights of Hew York." Experiments up to this time had includ.ed. mostly sound effects and music with only scatterings of dialogue. Vitaphone and Movietone Hews, as short "all talkers," had been tremendously successful, Fnile successfully received throughout the country, "The Lights of Hew York" clearly demonstrated that the most rigid care had to be exercised in the selection of words given the characters to speak. Voices which would synchronize were necessary. Stars began to worry about lessons in elocution.
Wired, theatres prospered while unwired houses were not even given proper exploitation advantages. Exhibitors were fretful concerning the oft-arising question of interchangeaMlity< OH which the patent holders refused clearly to commit themselves although well-informed sources had conceded, it to be no problem, provided reproduction standards and quality were satisfactory.
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