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A STUDY IN SOCIAL LEGISLATION 3 95,866,620, or about nineteen times the entire population, which in round numbers was 5,000,000. l It is hardly necessary that any similar figures be quoted for European and other countries. It is not within the scope of this work to outline the international development of the industry except when such an exposition would aid in interpreting its development in this country. For that purpose it is sufficient to say that the development of motion pictures has been practi- cally the same throughout the civilized world, though more gradual in some places than in others. 2 Pick up almost any issue of any trade journal, and considerable space will be found to be devoted to the importance of foreign competition, to the lessons taught by the experience of foreign producers and exhibitors. The Exhibitors 1 Herald, Motion Picture News, Exhibitors' Trade Review, Moving Picture World, and Wid's Daily, the leading motion picture trade journals, are constantly fighting existing and proposed tariff measures on raw and exposed film for import and export. The competition of English, Italian, Belgian and German producers is being care- fully watched by these journals. They do not consider motion pictures an American institution with a few parallel developments in foreign countries. They recognize that the American industry, while it may have progressed more rapidly in so far as its size is concerned, is not economically, mechanically or artistically independent, but is a part of a much broader movement. It has been shown that motion pictures are an important part of the environment of the people of this country, and of those 1 Moving Picture World, Vol. 51, No. 8, August 20, 1921, p. 790. 2 The export and import figures in Appendix B, taken from the United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Commerce Reports, January 2, 1922, pp. 34 and 35, emphasize the rapid growth of the international interdependence of motion picture interests.