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210 FUNDAMENTALS children's shows. Beach or resort shows can be titled by writing the wording in wet sand and running a hose over it to obliterate them, or having a shapely maiden walk over them. Quite frequently a still from the show made from a publicity picture during the rehearsals can be used. In this case, the picture is enlarged to a size suitable for the size lettering desired and usable in the titling equipment available. The print should be somewhat on the dark side and lettering in very light gray. If this is photographed on positive film and the same film used in the projector without reversal, the background will appear light with dark lettering. This negative background is very effective for "atmosphere" stories. A travel story might have for its title back- ground a shot of the means of locomotion, either the one used all the time or the one used in the following scenes. No description of title-making would be complete without mentioning the celluloid negative background. This is used by almost every maker of titles whether he is a professional in a serv- ice laboratory for film producers, a film producer in his own right, or just a photographer offering printing services to his customers. It is so simple that even though it calls for some darkroom work it is well within the scope of the average station which does not have darkroom facilities since all the darkroom work required can be performed in the bathroom with the light out and a red safelight for illumination. The background desired is photographed on process film (this is film which has very fine grain and is used for process shots, i.e., those consisting of a number of different procedures during which the picture may be reprinted a number of times) the same size as the title area in the titling device—say, five by four. (This could be done by a professional photographer if such a size camera is not available at the station.) The exposure must be less than normal and the film is underdeveloped so that an extremely thin negative results. The only point to watch in choosing the scene to use is that there should not be any strong highlights; otherwise they will obscure lettering which may fall in the same position. This thin negative is now placed over the lettered card which has