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USINGFILMSONTV 275 light. In this way the objects will appear to stand out from their background, and shades of the proper gray values for television will be more readily obtained. Readers who enter the television field with a smattering of photographic knowledge are usually well steeped in the old precept "always shoot with the sun behind you." If a film is made under those conditions, the resulting picture will have very little or no depth. It will be the same as if the scene were illuminated by a floodlight as described in the chapter on lighting. All parts of the scene will receive the same amount of light, and as a consequence nothing will stand out in relief to model the subject. The converse, shooting into the light, will produce very dark shadows which will cause trouble with contrast ratios in projection onto the iconoscope camera tube. In the extreme, a form of silhouette is produced with- out much detail. Finally, the location itself is certainly not the least important consideration. Wherever possible, pick a street, if it is a street scene, without much traffic. With all the good will in the world from the police, it is asking too much to block up an important thorough- fare while a two minute (screen time) scene is shot. Rehearsal be- fore the expedition is most important. Having decided on the set to be used and the area to be used for it and obtained permission to shoot there from whomever controls it, the time of the shot should be decided. A plan of the area is then drawn, complete with com- pass directions, and the scene "blocked out" on the floor in a studio. Here the players will rehearse until they are part perfect and will require only one run-through on location. Of course, if sound is to be shot at the same time, they will also be word perfect by this time. During this time camera shots are planned with due regard to the light conditions normally obtaining at the time of the shoot, so that on the actual day everyone will be prepared and the action can run smoothly with everyone knowing what he is to do and how to do it. By following this routine on location, shot costs can be cut by a? much as 60 per cent in extra time and labor charges. Chalk marks are made on the ground wherever necessary to show actors where to stand and to indicate camera limits. If re- quired, gobos will be used to provide fill lights similar to those used