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PROCESSING NEWSREEL SCRIPTS 299 narrator does not look at it at all—if he does, he will probably lose his place. After some practice runs, the film is started and the director cues the narrator to start reading. If the latter runs slow or fast he is given cues by hand signals on his shoulder or other prearranged code. It is not as difficult as it sounds and it is as- tonishing how proficient a man can become doing it. It is in the creation of the script that the thoroughness of the research work done by the producer or cameraman or editor shows up. Here is the place where misspellings or mispronunciations or other misinformations are aired to the world, and if there are any errors it does not take long for the world to point them out. The delivery must be slow and clear. Everyone has heard the frenzied voice of the sports reporters on radio and newsreels. That style of delivery is not required for the average scene in a news film, apart from sports. Remember that television sound is not always very clear and insist that your narrator watch this point. If it is desired, of course, there is nothing to prevent the sound from being recorded on the film. But this entails a double process in that after the film negative has been edited, the sound is re- corded on some form of synchronized or semi-synchronized me- dium such as tape or discs. This is then transcribed onto the posi- tive which is made from the negative film. Thus, there is not only more time taken in the double printing and processing but the cost goes up greatly which is even more important in many stations. Although the following may perhaps come more nearly under the heading of production of newsreel rather than writing, it is included here because so much can be said by the leaving out of words as well as their inclusion and even more so can words be implied in the way film is cut. As will be seen in the editing chap- ter, a good editor with well-shot film can tell most stories without words. As usual, get signed releases, if possible, if anyone is fea- tured. And most important of all, refrain from poking fun at any- one or making fools of them. At football or other public games the members of the audience are part of the general scene ; by their very presence they form the public. Therefore, a pan shot of them in the stands or bleachers is quite in order, but beware of returning