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THE MOVING PICTURE NEWS
ADVICE
ORAGLE
PRACTICAL ARTICLES FOR ALL
DEPARTMENT
By WM. E. SMITH, E. E.
ELECTRIC GENERATORS, "DIRECT CURRENT DYNAMO"
Electricity is a form of energ}-. The quantity of energy in the universe is constant, and the process which for convenience we term "Generating" electricity is simply a process by which we transform energy from some other form into electricitv.
shape of the ordinary form of magneto-electric shocking machine. In these we have the horse shoe magnets at one side, while a number of turns of wire wound on a couple of bobbins are passed rapidlj' before the ends or poles of the magnets, and therebj' producing a current of electricity.
A dynamo-electric machine is a device for converting me
Eight-Pole Direct Current, Westinghouse Generator
.\iore than ninety per cent of all the electricity which we use is "generated" by the use of the dynamo. In the last article we saw how electricity was generated by means of chemicals and dissimilar metals; being called a primary cell. If we were to produce electric currents on a large scale by this way, we should find that the consumption of the elements would cost us more than if we obtained our current in another way, which would be the dynamo. Now let us see what a dynamo is and how it generates electricity.
The reader will probably remember the little horse shoe magnet with which, as a youngster, he has drawn nails and other pieces of iron about. If we take such a magnet and pass a ring of copper wire rapidly at a certain angle before its ends or poles, in close proximity to them, a current of electricity will pass around the wire ring. We have seen a similar arrangement, on a somewhat larger scale, in the
chanical energj into electrical energy or vice versa. The word dynamo is generall}' understood to mean a machine for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, that is, an electric generator' The name dynamo-electric machine, familiarly shortened into dynamo, was originally coined from the "Greek dynamic, which means power," to denote a niacliine in which dynamic energy (that is to say mechanical energy such as is given by a steam engine or a turbine), is employed to produce electric current. In recent years the term has been used in its general sense to include all machines the action of which depends upon the principle discovered (by Faraday in 1831) of the induction of electric currents by the movement of copper conductors near the poles of magnets in such a waj' that the conductors cut through the invisible magnetic lines proceeding from the magnet poles.