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have safeguarded it in our post office where it is merely communication by letter. We have safeguarded it in this way, that we have kept control of it as a Govern¬ ment matter even in the face of large annual deficits. We have extended the post office facilities to the remotest hamlet, and we have kept that line of communica¬ tion open even at great expense. We have declared that telephone and telegraph shall he public utilities for the general service of the American public. Now, here comes something that is more universal, more potent than any of these, communication by the human voice to young and old, literate and illiterate alike, and instantaneously over the entire nation. We must preserve this new instrument because of its great possibilities in American life. We have safeguarded the freedom of speech in the press where we permit abuses rather than place the slightest danger of censorship upon the press, and through the multiplicity of newspapers here, there, and yonder, we find assurance that the truth will get out. No matter how skillful the conspiracy may be to conceal it, somebody will get it, and it will appear in some newspapers. It is by that diver¬ sity that we get security. We contend that in this plan of radio broadcasting private, public, and local broadcasting stations—we have a diversity which offers similar security. May I read the formal statement of the plan as proposed by the National Com¬ mittee on Education by Radio? It will take but a moment because it is in brief, outline form: "The National Committee on Education by Radio, concluding four years of study and investigation, recommends to the President, the Congress, and to the people of the United States a plan for an American system of radio broadcasting to serve the welfare of the American people. "The people of the United States shall establish a broadcasting system to supplement but not to supplant the present private system, and to make available to American listeners programs free from advertising and presenting entertainment and information to promote public welfare. Such supplemental public system should meet as far as practicable the following specifications. "The management of such public broadcasting system, including the deter¬ mination of program policies, shall be vested in a series of boards—national, - 12 -