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Next in importance is the cameraman who must at all times keep the camera at optimum focus. This is not as easy as it sounds because all the television cameraman has to look at is a small television tube which presents essentially the same picture as you see in your home. Since we normally operate our studio camera at an f number of about 8, there is a considerable depth of focus which means that it is hard to determine the center plane of focuse It was really better in the old days when we had two separate lensese One might be operated at f8 focussing the image on the pickup tube. The other lens which was oriented in the same plane as the action lens was operated wide open, forming an image on a ground glass which the cameraman viewed. With this lens wide open he could make a much more critical adjustment of focus, and thus improve resolution.
Next in importance is the operation of the camera chain itselfe It takes a skillful camera control operator to get the best out of an image orthicon television chain. Only experience will show him how to do ite There are basic principles which the manufacturers of the tube will be glad to show them, but the niceties depend upon an interested individual operator.
Finally we come to the kine recorder itself. The recording monitor portion of the equipment must be of extremely high quality. One of the most important factors is to have absolute interlace in the pictures As you know, a television image is made up of scanning lines. We scan first lines 15 35 55 etco to the bottom of the picture and return to insert lines 2; hy 65 etce If the even lines do not lie precisely midway between the odd lines we will lose resolution in the vertical direction and in the horizontal direction too, because of the interference of one line or the other. This interlace is not easy to achieve and it must be a prime consideration in the selection of equipment. The problem is further complicated by the fact that the recording camera is a mechanical device which sets up vibrations. These may be transmitted to the recording tube and move it just enough to
effectively destroy interlace.