Nation projector carbons (1935)

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(II iPTEB III I he Carbon Arc IN adapting the carbon arc to its wide field of application, several modifications have been developed both in the carbons and in the lamps in which the carbons are used. The discussion in this chapter will be confined to those types of carbons and lamp equipment used in the projection of motion pictures. The plain carbon arc, equipped with solid carbons and operating on direct current is the original and simplest type of arc lamp. In the old type, D.C., low intensity projection lamps solid carbons, for reasons later explained, were replaced by neutral cored carbons on the positive and, in some cases, the negative side. The light from the plain, D.C. arc comes almost entirely from the crater of the positive carbon. The arc stream emits relatively little light and r— the tip of the negative carbon is much less brilliant than that of the positive. This type of arc is illustrated diagrammatically in Figure 8. An actual photograph of the low intensity D.C. arc is reproduced in Figure 9, showing clearly that the positive crater is the source of most of the light. It is evident that this brilliant crater constitutes an excellent source of light for projection purposes. With the high current and carbons of large diameter needed to obtain CORED POSITIVE -CARBON CRATER OROTIP NEGATIVE CARBON Figure 8 Plain Carbon Arc — D.C. 16